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用　　語　　集 (Glossary)
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１．仏像関連２．彫刻関連３．寺院建築関連

４．仏教関連その他５．石塔関連６．神社・神道関連

７．絵画・書・工芸関連８．組織・役名関連９．資料・書籍関連

１０．行事関連１１．文化財関連１２．地形・道路・遺跡など
１３．その他 - -

１．仏像関係

1 阿弥陀如来 Amida Nyorai The Buddha who reside in the Western Pure Land. "He" made 48 vows to save sentient beings and is the main target of worship in the Jodo sect. It is believed that the faith in Amida will be reborn in the Western Pure Land after death. -

2 月光菩薩 Gakko Bosatsu One of the two attendants of Yakushi Nyorai. "He" symbolizes moon light. -

3 観音菩薩 Kannon Bosatsu One who observes the sound of the world: "she" listens to the faith's cries and save them with great compassion. Kannon is depicted as a female deity, known as the Goddess of Mercy. She is one of the two attendants of Amida Nyorai, the other being Seishi Bosatsu. -

4 鬼子母神 Kishimojin Kishimojin is regarded as a god of child-rearing and easy child delivery. Once "she" was a female ogre and fed her one thousand children human fresh. Later, however, she repented her sins and became a guardian deity of children. -

5 子育て地蔵 kosodate Jizo Child-raising Jizo -

6 五大明王 Godai Myoo The Five Kings of Wisdom: Fudo Myoo, Gozanze Myoo, Daiitoku Myoo, Gundari Myoo, and Kongoyasha Myoo -

7 五百羅漢 gohyakurakan Five hundred enlightened priests given the title of Arhat -

8 三十三観音 Sanjusan Kannon Thirty-three Kannons. Kannon, who vows to save all sentient beings, appears in an appropriate form for the circumstance, selecting among the 33 manifestations. -

9 三世仏 sanzebutsu Buddha in the three worlds: the past (阿弥陀Amida), present (釈迦Shakyamuni) and future (弥勒Miroku) -

10 三宝祖師 sambososhi The three main objects of worship in the Nichiren sect: a tablet with the title of the Lotus Sutra(Namu-Myoho-renge-kyo), and the images of Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai -

11 地蔵(菩薩) Jizo Bosatsu The guardian deity mainly for children. "He"is also believed the guadian of pregnant women and travelers. He is so popular that various kinds of prayers are offered. -

12 七福神 Shichifukujin The Seven Gods of Good Fortune; they are said to bring wealth and long life: Fukurokuju (福禄寿), Jurojin (寿老人), Benzaiten (弁才天), Bishamonten (毘沙門天), Hotei (布袋), Daikokuten (大黒天), and Ebisu (恵比寿).　Fukurokuju is the god of lomg life accompanied by a deer. Jurojin is the god of long life with a long head. Benzaiten is the god of water and music, playing the biwa, a kind of lute. Bishamonten is the god of good fortune, dressed in armor. Hotei is the god of good fortune with a potbelly. Daikokuten is the god of wealth on a straw rice bag. Ebisu is the god of wealth and fishing, holding a sea beam. -

13 四天王 Shitenno The Four Heavenly Kings who protect the four directions: east, west, south, and north. The east is guaded by Jikokuten, the west by Komokuten, the south by Zochoten, and the north by Tamonten. -

14 釈迦如来 Shaka Nyorai The Buddha Shakamuni. Siddhartha Gautama himself, the founder of Buddhism, who attained the enlightenment. Shakanyorai is often the main target of worship in the Zen sect. -

15 釈迦十大弟子 Shaka judaideshi Shakyamuni's ten best disciples -

16 十一面観音 Juichimen Kannon The eleven-headed or eleven-faced Kannon, so called because of the ten or eleven small heads on "her" head. The small faces have different expressions: mercy, anger, jeer, and so forth. -

17 十王像 Juozo Images of the ten king judges of Hell -

18 十二神将　　　　　 Juni Shinsho The Twelve Guardian Generals/ the Twelve Divine Generals -

19 十六羅漢 jyuroku rakan The major sixteen enlightened disciples (Arhats) of Shakyamuni -

20 聖観音 Sho-Kannon The Holy Kannon: one of the six manifestations of Kannon and is believed to save mainly hungry spirits. -

21 勢至菩薩 Seishi Bosatsu One of the two attendants of Amida Nyorai. As the right-hand attendant of Amida Nyorai, "he" symbolizes wisdom, while the left-hand attendant Kannon represents mercy. -

22 千手観音 Senju Kannon One thousand-armed/-hand Kannon. So many hands with an eye on the palm of each demonstrates her limitless saving ability. -

23 大日如来 Dainichi Nyorai Dainichi is the embodiment of (the truth of) the universe itself and the central Buddha in the Shingon sect.. -

24 天部 Tembu Deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another: hell, the worlds of hungry spirits, animals, asuras, men, and heaven. Taishakuten, Shitenno, -

25 仁王 Nio The two Deva Kings who stand guard at the Buddhist temple gate. One statue opens his mouth, saying "a," meaning the first in Sanskrit alphabet, while the other closes mouth, saying "um," meaning the last. -

26 日光菩薩 Nikko Bosatsu One of the two attendants of Yakushi Nyorai. "He" symbolizes sun light. -

27 如来 Nyorai One who has finished an ascetic practices and attained enlightenment or Buddhahood. "One who has gone thus." Shaka Nyorai, Amida Nyorai, Yakushi Nyorai and Dainichi Nyorai are among others. -

28 不動明王 Fudo Myoo The one immovable. Determined to subjugate evil spirits and guide evil-minded person to the realization of truth, "he" assumes a frightful face and form with a sword in his right hand and a rope in his left. -

29 菩薩 Bosatsu One who seeks enlightenment not only for "himself/ herself" but for others. Prolonging to attain Buddhahood, one, out of compassion, makes vows to save suffering beings. Kannon Bosatsu, Seishi Bosatsu, Jizo Bosatsu are among others. -

30 身代り地蔵 Migawari Jizo A substitute Jizo/ Jizo who substitutes himself for the suffering/ a substitute-for-the-suffering Jizo -

31 明王 Myoo Deities who protect the Buddhists and Buddhism itself from evil effects. They usually have fierce lookings armed with some sorts of weapons. -

32 薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorao The Healing Buddha/ Known as the Buddha of Healing, "he" resides in the World of Pure Emerald in the East. He usually has a medicine pot in his hand and is believed to cure diseases. -

33 (五百)羅漢 Gohyaku-rakan Five hundred Arhats -

34 羅漢 Rakan The enlightened disciples (Arhats) of Shakyamuni -

35 脇侍 wakiji An attendant -

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２．彫刻関連

1 一木造り　　　　　 ichiboku-zukuri Single-woodblock construction -

2 印相 inzo The symbolic positioning of the arms, hands, and fingers which symbolize the Buddha's or bodhisattva's enlightenment,　powers, or vows -

3 乾漆造り　　　　　 kanshitsu-zukuri A hollow dry-lacquer sculpture -

4 玉眼 gyokugan Technique of inlaying crystal balls as eyes in a Buddhist sculpture -

5 座像 zazo A sitting statue/ a seated image -

6 修理銘 shurimei A record/ document of repairs(/repair work) -

7 祖師像 soshizo The image of the founder -

8 塑像　　　　　　　 sozo A clay figure/ image/ statue -

9 台座 daiza A pedestal -

10 頂相彫刻　　 chinzo chokoku Sculptures of Zen priests -

11 土紋装飾　　　　　 donon soshoku Clay pattern ornament/ ornamental patterns in clay/ a decorative pattern in clay -

12 白毫 byakugo A wisp of hair -

13 仏師　　　　　　　 busshi A Buddhist monk-sculptor -

14 寄木造り　　　　　 yosegi-zukuri Joined-woodblock construction (of a statue of Buddha) -

15 螺髪 rahotsu Spiral curls -

16 立像 ryuzo A standing statue -

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３．寺院建築関連

1 阿弥陀堂 Amidado An Amida hall -

2 開山堂/昭堂 kaisando/ shodo Founder's hall/ a hall where an image of the founder of a temple and his mortuary tablet are housed/ the term, shodo, is used in the Zen sect -

3 花頭窓 katomado An arched window/ a bell-shaped window -

4 唐破風 karahafu A Chinese style curved gable -

5 唐様 karayo Chinese style -

6 唐門 karamon A seemingly Chinese style gate with a curved, gabled roof (actually not Chinese but Japanese in origin) -

7 客殿 kyakuden A guest hall -

8 経蔵 kyozo A sutra repository -

9 庫裏 kuri The priest's living quarters or the kitchen of a temple -

10 講堂 kodo A lecture hall -

11 金堂/ 本堂 kondo/ hondo A main hall -

12 参道 sando An approach (to a shrine), an entrance path (to...) -

13 山門 sanmon "The gate of a temple. It stands between the somon gate and the main hall. This gate is compared to an entrance to the three stages of emancipation (san gedatsu, 三解脱): 1. meditation on the non-substantiality of self (kumon, 空門), 2. meditation on the fact that visible phenomena do not really exist, because they are non-substantial, so there are no essential differences among them (musomon, 無相門), and 3. meditation on the fact that there is nothing to be desired, because of the unreality of phenomena (musamon, 無作門)
(This part is unfinished.)" -

14 食堂 jikido A dining hall/ a refectory -

15 地蔵堂 Jizodo A Jizo hall/ a hall deditaed to Jizo Busatsu -

16 七堂伽藍 shichidogaran The seven major structures in a temple compound. What they are depend on the Buddhist sect. In the Zen sect the following structures are included: sammon gate (三門), butsuden (仏殿, Buddha hall), hatto(法堂, lecture hall), sodo (僧堂, meditation hall),kuin or kuri　(庫院,庫裏(裡) temple's office or a kitchen), yokushitsu (浴室, bathroom), tosu　(東司, toilet) , seichin, seijin or seijo　(西浄, toilet). -

17 祠堂 shido A hall dedicated to the souls of ancestors -

18 寺務所 jimusho A temple office -

19 舎利殿 Shariden hall A relic hall/ a hall for a bone of the Buddha -

20 鐘楼 shoro A bell tower/ a bell platform/ a belfry -

21 西浄 seichin, seijin or seijo A lavatory or toilet -

22 選仏場 senbutsudo A hall for meditation -

23 僧堂 sodo A hall for meditation -

24 像鼻 zobana Literally, "an elephant's nose"; the end of a bar in the shape of an elephant's nose projecting from the outer side of a pillar -

25 僧坊 sobo Monks' lodging house/ a dormitory -

26 総門 somon gate The main gate of a temple, also called daimon/ an outer gate/ a outer front gate -

27 祖師堂 soshido A founder's hall -

28 塔頭 tacchu, or sub-temple (1)Originally a pagoda or a hall served by disciples, who follow their celebrated priest's teachings, as well as praise his honor and virtue, even after he has passed away.Later a celebrated priests become semiindependent, and have their own hall, together with many disciples, which continues as a sub-temple even after his death. (2)A minor hall in the grounds of a Zen temple, where the retired head priest lives. -

29 中門 chumon An inner gate -

30 内陣 naijin An inner sanctuary -

31 仁王門 Niomon A gate guarded by the two Deva Kings: Misshaku Kongo(left) and Naraen Kongo(right)/ a Deva gate where two Deva Kings guard: -

32 二重門 nijumon A two-storied gate -

33 二天門 Nitenmon A gate guarded by the two guardian Kings: Jikokuten and Bishamonten(or Tamonten.) -

34 袴腰　　　　　　　 hakamagoshi The lower part of a structure expanding wider like hakama, loose trousers worn over a kimono as a part of formal dress -

35 法堂 (=講堂) hatto A lecture hall (of a Zen temple) -

36 廟所 byosho A mausoleum -

37 札所　　　　　　　 fudasho ①A temple's office that issues amulets　②A temple regularly visited by pilgrims -

38 仏殿 butsuden A Buddha hall/ a hall which houses Buddhist images/ In Zen temples, the central hall that houses the main Buddhist image is called butsuden -

39 方丈 hojo A head priest's living quarters -

40 宝蔵庫 hozoko A treasure house (hall) -

41 本堂 hondo A main hall -

42 棟札 munafuda A plate attached to a building with the date of completion, the names of the founders and carpenters, and so forth -

43 楼門 romon A two-storied gate without a roof on the first story -

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４．仏教関連その他

1 位牌 ihai A mortuary tablet -

2 雲版　　 umpan A bronze plate shaped like a cloud, which is hit to give signals for meals and other events, hung on a wall in a temple. -

3 開基 kaiki A patron of a temple in its founding -

4 開山 kaisan The founder of a temple -

5 学問所（寺） gakumonsho An academic temple -

6 鎌倉五山 kamakura gozan The Five Zen Temples in Kamakura: Kenchoji (建長寺), Engakuji (円覚寺), Jufukuji (寿福寺), Jochiji (浄智寺), and Jomyoji (浄妙寺). -

7 関東十刹　　　　　 Kanto jissetsu/ Kanto jissatsu The ten major Zen temples in the Kanto region under the Kamakura Gozan("the Five Temples"): 禅興寺, 瑞泉寺, 東勝寺, 万寿寺, 大慶寺, 興聖寺, 東漸寺, 善福寺, 法泉寺, 長楽寺 -

8 供養 kuyo A memorial service for somebody's soul -

9 懸盤 keban A hanging board with the image of the Buddha -

10 懸仏 kebutsu A hanging Buddha -

11 五鈷杵 gokosho A five-pronged pounder -

12 五鈷鈴 gokorei A five-pronged bell -

13 山号 sango, a prefix of a temple Essentially a temple should be built at a spot separated from worldly areas (e.g. on a mountain or a hillside, etc.) So a temple has a prefix of so and so san(山, mountain) prior to its name -

14 錫杖 shakujo A walking staff with a clanking bell or a staff of office -

15 須弥壇 shumidan A wooden stand on which statues are set in a Buddha hall/ a square platform with low railings mounted on a multi-stepped base, often decorated with Buddhist motifs -

16 施餓鬼 segaki A Buddhist service for the repose of the dead -

17 禅師号 zenji-go The title of Zen Master -

18 題目（日蓮宗） daimoku The title of the Lotus Sutra, Namu Myoho renge kyo, recited by Nichiren sect believers -

19 中興開基 chuko kaiki A priest who restored a temple and was honored like its founder -

20 勅願寺 chokuganji A temple built according to an emperor's order -

21 辻説法 tsujiseppo Street preaching/ preaching on the street -

22 塔婆/ 卒塔婆 toba/ sotoba Stupa: a tall, narrow wooden tablet for the repose of the dead, having the silhouette of gorinto(a "five-wheel" pagoda) -

23 南無阿弥陀仏 Namu Amida Butsu I take my refuge in the Buddha Amida -

24 廃仏毀釈 haibutsu kishaku The movement for abolishment of Buddhism -

25 法名 homyo A Buddhist name after one retired into religion or a posthumous name(戒名) -

26 払子 hossu A short staff with a tail-like brush -

27 本山 honzan The head temple -

28 末寺 matsuji A sub-temple -

29 輪宝　　　　 rimbo A stylized ancient Indian wheel which is said to drive away evil -

30 蓮弁 remben Petals of a lotus flower/ (a) lotus petal(s) -

31 六道 rokudo The six paths to the six realms along which souls of sentient beings transmigrate: hell (jigoku,地獄), hungry spirits(gaki,餓鬼), animals(chikusho,畜生), bellicose spirits (ashura,阿修羅), human beings (ningen,人), and heaven (ten,天） -

32 鰐口 waniguchi Literally, a "crocodile's mouth", a metal drum hung above the　entrance to the main hall of a temple; one announces one's presence by hitting it with a bundle of ropes -

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５．石塔関連

1 板碑 itabi A flat stone stupa in memory of the departed with the Buddha image or characters symbolizing the Buddha on it

2 逆修塔 gyakushuto A stupa or pagoda built prior to one's death -

3 供養塔 kuyoto A pagoda erected for the repose of one's soul -

4 庚申塔 koshinto A small stone monument built based on the folk belief in koshin. On the night designated the day of koshin (one of 60 set of days in old tradition) three worms lurking in one's body creep out and tell one's wrongdoings to the God in Heaven. People stayed awake until dawn to prevent their tip-off .

5 五輪塔 Gorinto, literally 'five-wheel pagoda' A kind of stupa composed of five different shapes of stones( or wood) stacked one on top of another; from bottom to top, they symbolize the five universal elements: earth, water, fire, wind, and sky (emptiness)

6 多層塔 tasoto A multi-storied stupa/ a multi-tiered stupa

7 多宝塔 tahoto A "multi-treasure" pagoda

8 宝篋印塔 hokyointo Hokyoin pagoda, originally a pagoda in which the sutra of Hokyoin-darani-kyo was stored, and later hokyoin pagodas were built to repose the soul of the deadHokyoin-darani-kyo(sutra) states that if one chants　this sutra, one can bring a person in hell up to paradise

9 無縫塔(卵塔) muhoto（ranto） Literally a pagoda without joints. A pagoda made of a single stone in the shape of an egg; often used as the tomb stone of a Zen monk　　　

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６．神社・神道関連

1 神楽 kagura Sacred music and dancing performed at shrines -

2 神楽殿 kaguraden hall A hall for sacred Shinto music and dancing -

3 鰹木 katuogi Short logs that lie horizontally across the ridge of the Shinto structures

4 勧請　　　　　　　 kanjo To devide the spirit of god and build a new shrine dedicated to it -

5 狛犬 komainu A pair of Korean dogs in a shrine grounds -

6 権現造 gongen-zukuri A structure of Shinto shrine: a main hall and a worship hall are separate but connected by a small hall called ishi no ma or nusaden

7 神仏混交　　　　　 shinbutsu konko Mixture of Shintoism and Buddhism -

8 神仏分離 shinbutsu bunri The separation of Shintoism and Buddhism/ the Meiji government policy of separating Shinto and Buddhism in favor of the former -

9 神明鳥居ｓhinmei torii A Shimmei-style torii, where the two columns stand straight and the horizontal bars are straight, too

10 千木 chigi Ornamental cross planks (arranged in an X-shape) and extended high above the both gables

11 鳥居 torii A gateway to a Shinto shrine -

12 流造 nagare-zukuri A style of a shrine structure characterized by the flowing lines of the roof which extends down over an entrance

13 幤殿, 石の間　　　 nusaden A hall connecting a main hall to a hall of worship in the gongen-zukuri style shrine structure -

14 祝詞舎　　　　　　 noritoya A hall for Shinto prayer -

15 拝殿 haiden A hall of worship/ an oratory -

16 八幡造 hachiman-zukuri The Hachiman style, a kind of a shrine structure; it has a main hall and an oratory ( or a hall of worship) connected by a hall called ishinoma (See ishinoma)

17 祠 hokora A small Shinto shrine -

18 本殿 honden A main hall/ main sanctuary -

19 舞殿　　　　　　　 maiden A hall for sacred dance and music -

20 末社 massha A sub-shrine/ a subordinate shrine -

21 神輿 mikoshi A portable shrine -

22 明神鳥居 myojin torii A Myojin-style torii, the most popular one where two columns stand leaning slightly inside with an upper bar which curves upward on both sides

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７．絵画・書・工芸関連

1 漆工芸 urushi kogei Lacquer handicrafts -

2 工芸品 kogeihin Applied arts/ objects of art -

3 申楽面 sarugakumen A sarugaku mask; sarugaku is also called sangaku. Sangaku came from China by the eighth century as a form of performing art: acrobatics, juggling, pantomime, and etc. By the late 12th century it came to mean a lively mixture of songs and dancings with the dramatic element. It gradually came to take the organized form in the 13th century. It is thought to be the predecessor of the classical Noh drama and kyogen farce -

4 青磁 seiji Celadon porcelain -

5 勅額 chokugaku An imperial tablet -

6 頂相画 chinzoga A portrait of a Zen priest -

7 常滑焼　　　　　　 tokoname-yaki A strong, heavy, reddish brown earthenware made from the early 12th century to the first half of the 16th century, especially in the Chita Peninsula of present-day Aichi Prefecture -

8 涅槃図 butsunehanzu A painting of the death of the Buddha -

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８．組織・役名関連

1 鎌倉御所 Kamakura gosho The Kanto headquarters (in Kamakura) of the Muromachi bakufu -

2 鎌倉公方／関東公方 Kamakura kubo/ Kanto kubo Governor-general of the Kanto region -

3 鎌倉府 Kamakurafu A branch office of the Muromachi bakufu in Kamakura / the Kanto headquarters of the Muromachi bakufu -

4 鎌倉幕府 Kamakura bakufu The Kamakura shogunate -

5 関東管領 Kanto kanrei A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region -

6 関東将軍 Kanto shogun A Kanto shogunate/ a shogun the in the Kanto region -

7 官衙 kanga Local government offices -

8 京都守護 the Kyoto shugo Kyoto military governor -

9 国　　　　　　　　 kuni Province/ province -

10 公問所 the Kumonjo The Public Documents Office -

11 御家人 gokenin An immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods. -

12 左大臣 sadaijin Minister of the Left -

13 侍所 the Samurai-dokoro The Board of Retainers -

14 執権 shikken A (shogunal) regent/ regency/ the Hojo regency -

15 執事 shitsuji A steward -

16 地頭 jito A land steward -

17 守護 shugo A constable -

18 将軍 shogun (An abbreviation of seii tai shogun) 将軍職：shogunate -

19 寺領 jiryo Temple's estate/ land/ ground -

20 征夷大将軍 seii tai shogun Literally, barbarian-subduing generalissimo -

21 探題 tandai Shogunal deputies, officials appointed in strategic areas by the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates to oversee political, military, and judicial affairs -

22 得宗 tokuso The patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan. The term came from the Buddhist name of Hojo Yoshitoki, the second regent, who consolidated the political power of his family -

23 幕府 bakufu Literally, a "tent government"/ the feudal government/ the shogunate -

24 引付 Hikitsuke The High Court -

25 引付衆 hikitsukeshu Coadjustor of the High Court -

26 評定衆 Hyojoshu The Council of State -

27 侍所別当　 samuraidokoro betto An administrator of the Board of Retainers -

28 別当 betto ①An administrator　②A head priest -

29 政所 mandokoro The Administrative Board -

30 問注所 monchujo The Board of Inquiry -

31 六波羅探題 rokuhara tandai Rokuhara deputies -

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９．資料・書籍関連

1 吾妻鏡 Azuma kagami Mirror of Eastern Japan -

2 院宣 inzen A command issued by an ex-Emperor -

3 鎌倉攬勝考 Kamakura ransho ko The geographical description of Kamakura's historic and scenic sites -

4 勧進状 kanjinjo A letter asking for contributions -

5 起請文 kishomon A written oath -

6 寄進状 kishinjo A letter of donation -

7 喫茶養生記 Kissa-yojoki Drink Tea and Prolong Life/ A Note on Drinking Green Tea for Good Health / A Note on the Efficacy of Drinking Green Tea for Good Health -

8 考古資料 koko shiryo Archaelogical specimens/ evidence -

9 御成敗式目 Goseibai Shikimoku The Formulary of Administration established by the Kamakura Shogunate for its vassals in 1232 -

10 古都保存法　　　　 kotohozon-ho The Ancient Capital Preservation Law -

11 古文書 komonjo Ancient documents -

12 赦免状 shamenjo a (letter of) pardon ( issued by the Kamakura bakufu) -

13 書跡 shoseki Calligraphic works/ calligraphy -

14 宸筆 shinpitsu Letters written by an emperor/ empress -

15 新編鎌倉誌　　　　 Shimpen Kamakura shi New Records of the Culture and Geography of Kamakura/ The Newly Compiled Topography of Kamakura by Mito Mitsukuni／A kind of chronicle including scenic spots and places of historic interest in Kamakura, published in the Edo period -

16 新編相模国風土記稿 Shimpen Sagami no Kuni fudoki ko A New Draft of Sagami no kuni fudoki: Fudoki is a report on the natural resouces, geophysical conditions, customs, culture, and economic life in a certain district　 -

17 地誌 chishi A (local) topography, a geographical description -

18 触書 furegaki An announcement by the government -

19 義経腰越状 Yoshitsune Koshigoe jo Yoshitsune's letter sent from Koshigoe -

20 立正安国論 Rissho ankoku ron A Treatise on Pacifying the State by Establishing Orthodoxy -

21 令旨 ryoji Orders issued by princes, empresses, and etc. -

22 歴史資料 rekishi shiryo Historical materials -

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１０．行事関連

1 笠懸 kasagake Literally, "hat-hanging"; a form of mounted archery, shooting at a straw hat, kasa. It originated in the Heian period and became popular among warriors in the Kamakura period. -

2 木遣り（音頭） kiyari A lumber-carriers' chant or song/ a firemen's chant -

3 蹴鞠 kemari A ball game in which the players try to kick a ball back and forth as long as possible without letting it fall to the ground -

4 薪能 takigi-Noh Noh drama performed outdoors by fire light -

5 天王謡 teno'uta A chant sung during a procession of portable shrines of Gosho Shrine; originally this was chanted by laborers around Zaimokuza while they were unloading and carrying lumber and other products during the Kamakura period. It is recorded that the lumber for the construction of Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine was carried by men with manly chanting from Zaimokuza Beach through Wakamiya-oji to the construction grounds during the time of Yoritomo. -

6 流鏑馬　　　　 yabusame Horseback archery/ the art of shooting arrows on horseback / archery on horseback -

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１１．文化財関連

1 国宝 kokuho A National Treasure -

2 (国の)史跡 siseki A historic site -

3 (国)重要文化財 juyo bunkazai An Important Cultural Property -

4 (国）重要無形文化財 juyo mukei bunkazai An Important Intangible Cultural Property -

5 （国）重要無形民俗文化財 juyo mukei minzoku bunkazai An Important Intangible Folk-cultural Property -

6 県(重要文化財） ken juyobunkazai Prefectural / prefectural -

7 市（重要文化財） shi juyobunkazai Municipal / municipal -

8 天然記念物 tennen kinenbutsu A natural monument -

9 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区 juyo dentoteki kenzobutsugun hozonchiku Historic preservation districts/ Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings -

10 伝統的建造物群 dentoteki kenzobutsu-gun Groups of historic buildings -

11 人間国宝 ningen kokuho A Living National Treasure -

12 文化財保護法 bunkazai hogoho The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties -

13 埋蔵文化財 maizo bunkazai A buried cultural property -

14 (有形)民族文化財 (yukei) minzoku bunkazai A (Tangible) Folk-cultural Property -

15 民族芸能 minzoku geino Folk entertainment -

16 (国)名勝 meisho A Place of Scenic Beauty -

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１２．地形・道路・遺跡など

1 葛石 katsuraishi Stones used to rim the upper edge of a raised ground -

2 鎌倉七切り通し Kamakura nana kiridoshi The seven passes in old Kamakura -

3 七口 Nanakuchi The seven entrances of old Kamakura -

4 鎌倉五名水 Kamakura gomeisui The five high quality sources of water in old Kamakura -

5 鎌倉十井 Kamakura jissei The ten famous wells in old Kamakura -

6 鎌倉十橋 Kamakura jikkyo The ten main [major] bridges in old Kamakura -

7 辻子 Utsunomiya-zushi An old term for a path that linked two wider or main roads -

8 段葛 dankatsura A raised pathway rimmed with square stones in a broader street -

9 平場 hiraba A flat ground -

10 掘切 horikiri A large cut across the ridge of a mountain to prevent a passage/ invasion along the ridge -

11 掘割 horiwari A long hole dug along the ridge of a mountain to prevent a passage/invasion across the ridge -

12 谷戸 yato or yatsu (valley) One of the geographical features of Kamakura: the folds among low mountain ranges among which farmland and residential lots were develpoed. This tract of land is called yato or yatsu. -

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１３．その他

1 井桁に橘 igeta ni tachibana The crest of the Nichiren sect: a stylized mandarine orange blossom in a well curb -

2 裏鬼門 ura-kimon The diagonally opposite direction of kimon also thought to be unlucky (See kimon) -

3 桔梗紋 kikyo mon A family crest of a stylized Chinese bellflower -

4 鬼門 kimon Literally, a "demon's gate": the quarter lying to the northeast of one's position where demons were supposed to come in, superstitiously believed to be unlucky -

5 笹りんどう sasarindo A crest of three gentian flowers with five leaves arranged like bamboo leaves. It is popularly said to be that of the Genji clan, but not true. -

6 十六の菊の紋 juroku no kiku no mon The crest of the Imperial Family: 16-petal chrysanthemum -

7 三鱗(北条) mitsuuroko The family crest of the Hojo: arrenged three scales -

8 三葉葵（徳川） mitsuba aoi The crest of the Tokugawa clan: three leaves of a hollyhock in a circle -

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１．仏像関連	２．彫刻関連	３．寺院建築関連
４．仏教関連その他	５．石塔関連	６．神社・神道関連
７．絵画・書・工芸関連	８．組織・役名関連	９．資料・書籍関連
１０．行事関連	１１．文化財関連	１２．地形・道路・遺跡など
１３．その他	-	-

１．仏像関係
1	阿弥陀如来	Amida Nyorai	The Buddha who reside in the Western Pure Land. "He" made 48 vows to save sentient beings and is the main target of worship in the Jodo sect. It is believed that the faith in Amida will be reborn in the Western Pure Land after death.	-
2	月光菩薩	Gakko Bosatsu	One of the two attendants of Yakushi Nyorai. "He" symbolizes moon light.	-
3	観音菩薩	Kannon Bosatsu	One who observes the sound of the world: "she" listens to the faith's cries and save them with great compassion. Kannon is depicted as a female deity, known as the Goddess of Mercy. She is one of the two attendants of Amida Nyorai, the other being Seishi Bosatsu.	-
4	鬼子母神	Kishimojin	Kishimojin is regarded as a god of child-rearing and easy child delivery. Once "she" was a female ogre and fed her one thousand children human fresh. Later, however, she repented her sins and became a guardian deity of children.	-
5	子育て地蔵	kosodate Jizo	Child-raising Jizo	-
6	五大明王	Godai Myoo	The Five Kings of Wisdom: Fudo Myoo, Gozanze Myoo, Daiitoku Myoo, Gundari Myoo, and Kongoyasha Myoo	-
7	五百羅漢	gohyakurakan	Five hundred enlightened priests given the title of Arhat	-
8	三十三観音	Sanjusan Kannon	Thirty-three Kannons. Kannon, who vows to save all sentient beings, appears in an appropriate form for the circumstance, selecting among the 33 manifestations.	-
9	三世仏	sanzebutsu	Buddha in the three worlds: the past (阿弥陀Amida), present (釈迦Shakyamuni) and future (弥勒Miroku)	-
10	三宝祖師	sambososhi	The three main objects of worship in the Nichiren sect: a tablet with the title of the Lotus Sutra(Namu-Myoho-renge-kyo), and the images of Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai	-
11	地蔵(菩薩)	Jizo Bosatsu	The guardian deity mainly for children. "He"is also believed the guadian of pregnant women and travelers. He is so popular that various kinds of prayers are offered.	-
12	七福神	Shichifukujin	The Seven Gods of Good Fortune; they are said to bring wealth and long life: Fukurokuju (福禄寿), Jurojin (寿老人), Benzaiten (弁才天), Bishamonten (毘沙門天), Hotei (布袋), Daikokuten (大黒天), and Ebisu (恵比寿).　Fukurokuju is the god of lomg life accompanied by a deer. Jurojin is the god of long life with a long head. Benzaiten is the god of water and music, playing the biwa, a kind of lute. Bishamonten is the god of good fortune, dressed in armor. Hotei is the god of good fortune with a potbelly. Daikokuten is the god of wealth on a straw rice bag. Ebisu is the god of wealth and fishing, holding a sea beam.	-
13	四天王	Shitenno	The Four Heavenly Kings who protect the four directions: east, west, south, and north. The east is guaded by Jikokuten, the west by Komokuten, the south by Zochoten, and the north by Tamonten.	-
14	釈迦如来	Shaka Nyorai	The Buddha Shakamuni. Siddhartha Gautama himself, the founder of Buddhism, who attained the enlightenment. Shakanyorai is often the main target of worship in the Zen sect.	-
15	釈迦十大弟子	Shaka judaideshi	Shakyamuni's ten best disciples	-
16	十一面観音	Juichimen Kannon	The eleven-headed or eleven-faced Kannon, so called because of the ten or eleven small heads on "her" head. The small faces have different expressions: mercy, anger, jeer, and so forth.	-
17	十王像	Juozo	Images of the ten king judges of Hell	-
18	十二神将	Juni Shinsho	The Twelve Guardian Generals/ the Twelve Divine Generals	-
19	十六羅漢	jyuroku rakan	The major sixteen enlightened disciples (Arhats) of Shakyamuni	-
20	聖観音	Sho-Kannon	The Holy Kannon: one of the six manifestations of Kannon and is believed to save mainly hungry spirits.	-
21	勢至菩薩	Seishi Bosatsu	One of the two attendants of Amida Nyorai. As the right-hand attendant of Amida Nyorai, "he" symbolizes wisdom, while the left-hand attendant Kannon represents mercy.	-
22	千手観音	Senju Kannon	One thousand-armed/-hand Kannon. So many hands with an eye on the palm of each demonstrates her limitless saving ability.	-
23	大日如来	Dainichi Nyorai	Dainichi is the embodiment of (the truth of) the universe itself and the central Buddha in the Shingon sect..	-
24	天部	Tembu	Deities who reside in a heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another: hell, the worlds of hungry spirits, animals, asuras, men, and heaven. Taishakuten, Shitenno,	-
25	仁王	Nio	The two Deva Kings who stand guard at the Buddhist temple gate. One statue opens his mouth, saying "a," meaning the first in Sanskrit alphabet, while the other closes mouth, saying "um," meaning the last.	-
26	日光菩薩	Nikko Bosatsu	One of the two attendants of Yakushi Nyorai. "He" symbolizes sun light.	-
27	如来	Nyorai	One who has finished an ascetic practices and attained enlightenment or Buddhahood. "One who has gone thus." Shaka Nyorai, Amida Nyorai, Yakushi Nyorai and Dainichi Nyorai are among others.	-
28	不動明王	Fudo Myoo	The one immovable. Determined to subjugate evil spirits and guide evil-minded person to the realization of truth, "he" assumes a frightful face and form with a sword in his right hand and a rope in his left.	-
29	菩薩	Bosatsu	One who seeks enlightenment not only for "himself/ herself" but for others. Prolonging to attain Buddhahood, one, out of compassion, makes vows to save suffering beings. Kannon Bosatsu, Seishi Bosatsu, Jizo Bosatsu are among others.	-
30	身代り地蔵	Migawari Jizo	A substitute Jizo/ Jizo who substitutes himself for the suffering/ a substitute-for-the-suffering Jizo	-
31	明王	Myoo	Deities who protect the Buddhists and Buddhism itself from evil effects. They usually have fierce lookings armed with some sorts of weapons.	-
32	薬師如来	Yakushi Nyorao	The Healing Buddha/ Known as the Buddha of Healing, "he" resides in the World of Pure Emerald in the East. He usually has a medicine pot in his hand and is believed to cure diseases.	-
33	(五百)羅漢	Gohyaku-rakan	Five hundred Arhats	-
34	羅漢	Rakan	The enlightened disciples (Arhats) of Shakyamuni	-
35	脇侍	wakiji	An attendant	-

２．彫刻関連
1	一木造り	ichiboku-zukuri	Single-woodblock construction	-
2	印相	inzo	The symbolic positioning of the arms, hands, and fingers which symbolize the Buddha's or bodhisattva's enlightenment,　powers, or vows	-
3	乾漆造り	kanshitsu-zukuri	A hollow dry-lacquer sculpture	-
4	玉眼	gyokugan	Technique of inlaying crystal balls as eyes in a Buddhist sculpture	-
5	座像	zazo	A sitting statue/ a seated image	-
6	修理銘	shurimei	A record/ document of repairs(/repair work)	-
7	祖師像	soshizo	The image of the founder	-
8	塑像	sozo	A clay figure/ image/ statue	-
9	台座	daiza	A pedestal	-
10	頂相彫刻	chinzo chokoku	Sculptures of Zen priests	-
11	土紋装飾	donon soshoku	Clay pattern ornament/ ornamental patterns in clay/ a decorative pattern in clay	-
12	白毫	byakugo	A wisp of hair	-
13	仏師	busshi	A Buddhist monk-sculptor	-
14	寄木造り	yosegi-zukuri	Joined-woodblock construction (of a statue of Buddha)	-
15	螺髪	rahotsu	Spiral curls	-
16	立像	ryuzo	A standing statue	-

３．寺院建築関連
1	阿弥陀堂	Amidado	An Amida hall	-
2	開山堂/昭堂	kaisando/ shodo	Founder's hall/ a hall where an image of the founder of a temple and his mortuary tablet are housed/ the term, shodo, is used in the Zen sect	-
3	花頭窓	katomado	An arched window/ a bell-shaped window	-
4	唐破風	karahafu	A Chinese style curved gable	-
5	唐様	karayo	Chinese style	-
6	唐門	karamon	A seemingly Chinese style gate with a curved, gabled roof (actually not Chinese but Japanese in origin)	-
7	客殿	kyakuden	A guest hall	-
8	経蔵	kyozo	A sutra repository	-
9	庫裏	kuri	The priest's living quarters or the kitchen of a temple	-
10	講堂	kodo	A lecture hall	-
11	金堂/ 本堂	kondo/ hondo	A main hall	-
12	参道	sando	An approach (to a shrine), an entrance path (to...)	-
13	山門	sanmon	"The gate of a temple. It stands between the somon gate and the main hall. This gate is compared to an entrance to the three stages of emancipation (san gedatsu, 三解脱): 1. meditation on the non-substantiality of self (kumon, 空門), 2. meditation on the fact that visible phenomena do not really exist, because they are non-substantial, so there are no essential differences among them (musomon, 無相門), and 3. meditation on the fact that there is nothing to be desired, because of the unreality of phenomena (musamon, 無作門) (This part is unfinished.)"	-
14	食堂	jikido	A dining hall/ a refectory	-
15	地蔵堂	Jizodo	A Jizo hall/ a hall deditaed to Jizo Busatsu	-
16	七堂伽藍	shichidogaran	The seven major structures in a temple compound. What they are depend on the Buddhist sect. In the Zen sect the following structures are included: sammon gate (三門), butsuden (仏殿, Buddha hall), hatto(法堂, lecture hall), sodo (僧堂, meditation hall),kuin or kuri　(庫院,庫裏(裡) temple's office or a kitchen), yokushitsu (浴室, bathroom), tosu　(東司, toilet) , seichin, seijin or seijo　(西浄, toilet).	-
17	祠堂	shido	A hall dedicated to the souls of ancestors	-
18	寺務所	jimusho	A temple office	-
19	舎利殿	Shariden hall	A relic hall/ a hall for a bone of the Buddha	-
20	鐘楼	shoro	A bell tower/ a bell platform/ a belfry	-
21	西浄	seichin, seijin or seijo	A lavatory or toilet	-
22	選仏場	senbutsudo	A hall for meditation	-
23	僧堂	sodo	A hall for meditation	-
24	像鼻	zobana	Literally, "an elephant's nose"; the end of a bar in the shape of an elephant's nose projecting from the outer side of a pillar	-
25	僧坊	sobo	Monks' lodging house/ a dormitory	-
26	総門	somon gate	The main gate of a temple, also called daimon/ an outer gate/ a outer front gate	-
27	祖師堂	soshido	A founder's hall	-
28	塔頭	tacchu, or sub-temple	(1)Originally a pagoda or a hall served by disciples, who follow their celebrated priest's teachings, as well as praise his honor and virtue, even after he has passed away.Later a celebrated priests become semiindependent, and have their own hall, together with many disciples, which continues as a sub-temple even after his death. (2)A minor hall in the grounds of a Zen temple, where the retired head priest lives.	-
29	中門	chumon	An inner gate	-
30	内陣	naijin	An inner sanctuary	-
31	仁王門	Niomon	A gate guarded by the two Deva Kings: Misshaku Kongo(left) and Naraen Kongo(right)/ a Deva gate where two Deva Kings guard:	-
32	二重門	nijumon	A two-storied gate	-
33	二天門	Nitenmon	A gate guarded by the two guardian Kings: Jikokuten and Bishamonten(or Tamonten.)	-
34	袴腰	hakamagoshi	The lower part of a structure expanding wider like hakama, loose trousers worn over a kimono as a part of formal dress	-
35	法堂 (=講堂)	hatto	A lecture hall (of a Zen temple)	-
36	廟所	byosho	A mausoleum	-
37	札所	fudasho	①A temple's office that issues amulets　②A temple regularly visited by pilgrims	-
38	仏殿	butsuden	A Buddha hall/ a hall which houses Buddhist images/ In Zen temples, the central hall that houses the main Buddhist image is called butsuden	-
39	方丈	hojo	A head priest's living quarters	-
40	宝蔵庫	hozoko	A treasure house (hall)	-
41	本堂	hondo	A main hall	-
42	棟札	munafuda	A plate attached to a building with the date of completion, the names of the founders and carpenters, and so forth	-
43	楼門	romon	A two-storied gate without a roof on the first story	-

４．仏教関連その他
1	位牌	ihai	A mortuary tablet	-
2	雲版	umpan	A bronze plate shaped like a cloud, which is hit to give signals for meals and other events, hung on a wall in a temple.	-
3	開基	kaiki	A patron of a temple in its founding	-
4	開山	kaisan	The founder of a temple	-
5	学問所（寺）	gakumonsho	An academic temple	-
6	鎌倉五山	kamakura gozan	The Five Zen Temples in Kamakura: Kenchoji (建長寺), Engakuji (円覚寺), Jufukuji (寿福寺), Jochiji (浄智寺), and Jomyoji (浄妙寺).	-
7	関東十刹	Kanto jissetsu/ Kanto jissatsu	The ten major Zen temples in the Kanto region under the Kamakura Gozan("the Five Temples"): 禅興寺, 瑞泉寺, 東勝寺, 万寿寺, 大慶寺, 興聖寺, 東漸寺, 善福寺, 法泉寺, 長楽寺	-
8	供養	kuyo	A memorial service for somebody's soul	-
9	懸盤	keban	A hanging board with the image of the Buddha	-
10	懸仏	kebutsu	A hanging Buddha	-
11	五鈷杵	gokosho	A five-pronged pounder	-
12	五鈷鈴	gokorei	A five-pronged bell	-
13	山号	sango, a prefix of a temple	Essentially a temple should be built at a spot separated from worldly areas (e.g. on a mountain or a hillside, etc.) So a temple has a prefix of so and so san(山, mountain) prior to its name	-
14	錫杖	shakujo	A walking staff with a clanking bell or a staff of office	-
15	須弥壇	shumidan	A wooden stand on which statues are set in a Buddha hall/ a square platform with low railings mounted on a multi-stepped base, often decorated with Buddhist motifs	-
16	施餓鬼	segaki	A Buddhist service for the repose of the dead	-
17	禅師号	zenji-go	The title of Zen Master	-
18	題目（日蓮宗）	daimoku	The title of the Lotus Sutra, Namu Myoho renge kyo, recited by Nichiren sect believers	-
19	中興開基	chuko kaiki	A priest who restored a temple and was honored like its founder	-
20	勅願寺	chokuganji	A temple built according to an emperor's order	-
21	辻説法	tsujiseppo	Street preaching/ preaching on the street	-
22	塔婆/ 卒塔婆	toba/ sotoba	Stupa: a tall, narrow wooden tablet for the repose of the dead, having the silhouette of gorinto(a "five-wheel" pagoda)	-
23	南無阿弥陀仏	Namu Amida Butsu	I take my refuge in the Buddha Amida	-
24	廃仏毀釈	haibutsu kishaku	The movement for abolishment of Buddhism	-
25	法名	homyo	A Buddhist name after one retired into religion or a posthumous name(戒名)	-
26	払子	hossu	A short staff with a tail-like brush	-
27	本山	honzan	The head temple	-
28	末寺	matsuji	A sub-temple	-
29	輪宝	rimbo	A stylized ancient Indian wheel which is said to drive away evil	-
30	蓮弁	remben	Petals of a lotus flower/ (a) lotus petal(s)	-
31	六道	rokudo	The six paths to the six realms along which souls of sentient beings transmigrate: hell (jigoku,地獄), hungry spirits(gaki,餓鬼), animals(chikusho,畜生), bellicose spirits (ashura,阿修羅), human beings (ningen,人), and heaven (ten,天）	-
32	鰐口	waniguchi	Literally, a "crocodile's mouth", a metal drum hung above the　entrance to the main hall of a temple; one announces one's presence by hitting it with a bundle of ropes	-

５．石塔関連
1	板碑	itabi	A flat stone stupa in memory of the departed with the Buddha image or characters symbolizing the Buddha on it
2	逆修塔	gyakushuto	A stupa or pagoda built prior to one's death	-
3	供養塔	kuyoto	A pagoda erected for the repose of one's soul	-
4	庚申塔	koshinto	A small stone monument built based on the folk belief in koshin. On the night designated the day of koshin (one of 60 set of days in old tradition) three worms lurking in one's body creep out and tell one's wrongdoings to the God in Heaven. People stayed awake until dawn to prevent their tip-off .
5	五輪塔	Gorinto, literally 'five-wheel pagoda'	A kind of stupa composed of five different shapes of stones( or wood) stacked one on top of another; from bottom to top, they symbolize the five universal elements: earth, water, fire, wind, and sky (emptiness)
6	多層塔	tasoto	A multi-storied stupa/ a multi-tiered stupa
7	多宝塔	tahoto	A "multi-treasure" pagoda
8	宝篋印塔	hokyointo	Hokyoin pagoda, originally a pagoda in which the sutra of Hokyoin-darani-kyo was stored, and later hokyoin pagodas were built to repose the soul of the deadHokyoin-darani-kyo(sutra) states that if one chants　this sutra, one can bring a person in hell up to paradise
9	無縫塔(卵塔)	muhoto（ranto）	Literally a pagoda without joints. A pagoda made of a single stone in the shape of an egg; often used as the tomb stone of a Zen monk

６．神社・神道関連
1	神楽	kagura	Sacred music and dancing performed at shrines	-
2	神楽殿	kaguraden hall	A hall for sacred Shinto music and dancing	-
3	鰹木	katuogi	Short logs that lie horizontally across the ridge of the Shinto structures
4	勧請	kanjo	To devide the spirit of god and build a new shrine dedicated to it	-
5	狛犬	komainu	A pair of Korean dogs in a shrine grounds	-
6	権現造	gongen-zukuri	A structure of Shinto shrine: a main hall and a worship hall are separate but connected by a small hall called ishi no ma or nusaden
7	神仏混交	shinbutsu konko	Mixture of Shintoism and Buddhism	-
8	神仏分離	shinbutsu bunri	The separation of Shintoism and Buddhism/ the Meiji government policy of separating Shinto and Buddhism in favor of the former	-
9	神明鳥居	ｓhinmei torii	A Shimmei-style torii, where the two columns stand straight and the horizontal bars are straight, too
10	千木	chigi	Ornamental cross planks (arranged in an X-shape) and extended high above the both gables
11	鳥居	torii	A gateway to a Shinto shrine	-
12	流造	nagare-zukuri	A style of a shrine structure characterized by the flowing lines of the roof which extends down over an entrance
13	幤殿, 石の間	nusaden	A hall connecting a main hall to a hall of worship in the gongen-zukuri style shrine structure	-
14	祝詞舎	noritoya	A hall for Shinto prayer	-
15	拝殿	haiden	A hall of worship/ an oratory	-
16	八幡造	hachiman-zukuri	The Hachiman style, a kind of a shrine structure; it has a main hall and an oratory ( or a hall of worship) connected by a hall called ishinoma (See ishinoma)
17	祠	hokora	A small Shinto shrine	-
18	本殿	honden	A main hall/ main sanctuary	-
19	舞殿	maiden	A hall for sacred dance and music	-
20	末社	massha	A sub-shrine/ a subordinate shrine	-
21	神輿	mikoshi	A portable shrine	-
22	明神鳥居	myojin torii	A Myojin-style torii, the most popular one where two columns stand leaning slightly inside with an upper bar which curves upward on both sides

７．絵画・書・工芸関連
1	漆工芸	urushi kogei	Lacquer handicrafts	-
2	工芸品	kogeihin	Applied arts/ objects of art	-
3	申楽面	sarugakumen	A sarugaku mask; sarugaku is also called sangaku. Sangaku came from China by the eighth century as a form of performing art: acrobatics, juggling, pantomime, and etc. By the late 12th century it came to mean a lively mixture of songs and dancings with the dramatic element. It gradually came to take the organized form in the 13th century. It is thought to be the predecessor of the classical Noh drama and kyogen farce	-
4	青磁	seiji	Celadon porcelain	-
5	勅額	chokugaku	An imperial tablet	-
6	頂相画	chinzoga	A portrait of a Zen priest	-
7	常滑焼	tokoname-yaki	A strong, heavy, reddish brown earthenware made from the early 12th century to the first half of the 16th century, especially in the Chita Peninsula of present-day Aichi Prefecture	-
8	涅槃図	butsunehanzu	A painting of the death of the Buddha	-

８．組織・役名関連
1	鎌倉御所	Kamakura gosho	The Kanto headquarters (in Kamakura) of the Muromachi bakufu	-
2	鎌倉公方／関東公方	Kamakura kubo/ Kanto kubo	Governor-general of the Kanto region	-
3	鎌倉府	Kamakurafu	A branch office of the Muromachi bakufu in Kamakura / the Kanto headquarters of the Muromachi bakufu	-
4	鎌倉幕府	Kamakura bakufu	The Kamakura shogunate	-
5	関東管領	Kanto kanrei	A shogunal deputy for the Kanto region	-
6	関東将軍	Kanto shogun	A Kanto shogunate/ a shogun the in the Kanto region	-
7	官衙	kanga	Local government offices	-
8	京都守護	the Kyoto shugo	Kyoto military governor	-
9	国	kuni	Province/ province	-
10	公問所	the Kumonjo	The Public Documents Office	-
11	御家人	gokenin	An immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods.	-
12	左大臣	sadaijin	Minister of the Left	-
13	侍所	the Samurai-dokoro	The Board of Retainers	-
14	執権	shikken	A (shogunal) regent/ regency/ the Hojo regency	-
15	執事	shitsuji	A steward	-
16	地頭	jito	A land steward	-
17	守護	shugo	A constable	-
18	将軍	shogun	(An abbreviation of seii tai shogun) 将軍職：shogunate	-
19	寺領	jiryo	Temple's estate/ land/ ground	-
20	征夷大将軍	seii tai shogun	Literally, barbarian-subduing generalissimo	-
21	探題	tandai	Shogunal deputies, officials appointed in strategic areas by the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates to oversee political, military, and judicial affairs	-
22	得宗	tokuso	The patrimonial head of the main branch of the Hojo clan. The term came from the Buddhist name of Hojo Yoshitoki, the second regent, who consolidated the political power of his family	-
23	幕府	bakufu	Literally, a "tent government"/ the feudal government/ the shogunate	-
24	引付	Hikitsuke	The High Court	-
25	引付衆	hikitsukeshu	Coadjustor of the High Court	-
26	評定衆	Hyojoshu	The Council of State	-
27	侍所別当	samuraidokoro betto	An administrator of the Board of Retainers	-
28	別当	betto	①An administrator　②A head priest	-
29	政所	mandokoro	The Administrative Board	-
30	問注所	monchujo	The Board of Inquiry	-
31	六波羅探題	rokuhara tandai	Rokuhara deputies	-

９．資料・書籍関連
1	吾妻鏡	Azuma kagami	Mirror of Eastern Japan	-
2	院宣	inzen	A command issued by an ex-Emperor	-
3	鎌倉攬勝考	Kamakura ransho ko	The geographical description of Kamakura's historic and scenic sites	-
4	勧進状	kanjinjo	A letter asking for contributions	-
5	起請文	kishomon	A written oath	-
6	寄進状	kishinjo	A letter of donation	-
7	喫茶養生記	Kissa-yojoki	Drink Tea and Prolong Life/ A Note on Drinking Green Tea for Good Health / A Note on the Efficacy of Drinking Green Tea for Good Health	-
8	考古資料	koko shiryo	Archaelogical specimens/ evidence	-
9	御成敗式目	Goseibai Shikimoku	The Formulary of Administration established by the Kamakura Shogunate for its vassals in 1232	-
10	古都保存法	kotohozon-ho	The Ancient Capital Preservation Law	-
11	古文書	komonjo	Ancient documents	-
12	赦免状	shamenjo	a (letter of) pardon ( issued by the Kamakura bakufu)	-
13	書跡	shoseki	Calligraphic works/ calligraphy	-
14	宸筆	shinpitsu	Letters written by an emperor/ empress	-
15	新編鎌倉誌	Shimpen Kamakura shi	New Records of the Culture and Geography of Kamakura/ The Newly Compiled Topography of Kamakura by Mito Mitsukuni／A kind of chronicle including scenic spots and places of historic interest in Kamakura, published in the Edo period	-
16	新編相模国風土記稿	Shimpen Sagami no Kuni fudoki ko	A New Draft of Sagami no kuni fudoki: Fudoki is a report on the natural resouces, geophysical conditions, customs, culture, and economic life in a certain district	-
17	地誌	chishi	A (local) topography, a geographical description	-
18	触書	furegaki	An announcement by the government	-
19	義経腰越状	Yoshitsune Koshigoe jo	Yoshitsune's letter sent from Koshigoe	-
20	立正安国論	Rissho ankoku ron	A Treatise on Pacifying the State by Establishing Orthodoxy	-
21	令旨	ryoji	Orders issued by princes, empresses, and etc.	-
22	歴史資料	rekishi shiryo	Historical materials	-

１０．行事関連
1	笠懸	kasagake	Literally, "hat-hanging"; a form of mounted archery, shooting at a straw hat, kasa. It originated in the Heian period and became popular among warriors in the Kamakura period.	-
2	木遣り（音頭）	kiyari	A lumber-carriers' chant or song/ a firemen's chant	-
3	蹴鞠	kemari	A ball game in which the players try to kick a ball back and forth as long as possible without letting it fall to the ground	-
4	薪能	takigi-Noh	Noh drama performed outdoors by fire light	-
5	天王謡	teno'uta	A chant sung during a procession of portable shrines of Gosho Shrine; originally this was chanted by laborers around Zaimokuza while they were unloading and carrying lumber and other products during the Kamakura period. It is recorded that the lumber for the construction of Tsurugaoka Hachiman Shrine was carried by men with manly chanting from Zaimokuza Beach through Wakamiya-oji to the construction grounds during the time of Yoritomo.	-
6	流鏑馬	yabusame	Horseback archery/ the art of shooting arrows on horseback / archery on horseback	-

１１．文化財関連
1	国宝	kokuho	A National Treasure	-
2	(国の)史跡	siseki	A historic site	-
3	(国)重要文化財	juyo bunkazai	An Important Cultural Property	-
4	(国）重要無形文化財	juyo mukei bunkazai	An Important Intangible Cultural Property	-
5	（国）重要無形民俗文化財	juyo mukei minzoku bunkazai	An Important Intangible Folk-cultural Property	-
6	県(重要文化財）	ken juyobunkazai	Prefectural / prefectural	-
7	市（重要文化財）	shi juyobunkazai	Municipal / municipal	-
8	天然記念物	tennen kinenbutsu	A natural monument	-
9	重要伝統的建造物群保存地区	juyo dentoteki kenzobutsugun hozonchiku	Historic preservation districts/ Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings	-
10	伝統的建造物群	dentoteki kenzobutsu-gun	Groups of historic buildings	-
11	人間国宝	ningen kokuho	A Living National Treasure	-
12	文化財保護法	bunkazai hogoho	The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties	-
13	埋蔵文化財	maizo bunkazai	A buried cultural property	-
14	(有形)民族文化財	(yukei) minzoku bunkazai	A (Tangible) Folk-cultural Property	-
15	民族芸能	minzoku geino	Folk entertainment	-
16	(国)名勝	meisho	A Place of Scenic Beauty	-

１２．地形・道路・遺跡など
1	葛石	katsuraishi	Stones used to rim the upper edge of a raised ground	-
2	鎌倉七切り通し	Kamakura nana kiridoshi	The seven passes in old Kamakura	-
3	七口	Nanakuchi	The seven entrances of old Kamakura	-
4	鎌倉五名水	Kamakura gomeisui	The five high quality sources of water in old Kamakura	-
5	鎌倉十井	Kamakura jissei	The ten famous wells in old Kamakura	-
6	鎌倉十橋	Kamakura jikkyo	The ten main [major] bridges in old Kamakura	-
7	辻子	Utsunomiya-zushi	An old term for a path that linked two wider or main roads	-
8	段葛	dankatsura	A raised pathway rimmed with square stones in a broader street	-
9	平場	hiraba	A flat ground	-
10	掘切	horikiri	A large cut across the ridge of a mountain to prevent a passage/ invasion along the ridge	-
11	掘割	horiwari	A long hole dug along the ridge of a mountain to prevent a passage/invasion across the ridge	-
12	谷戸	yato or yatsu (valley)	One of the geographical features of Kamakura: the folds among low mountain ranges among which farmland and residential lots were develpoed. This tract of land is called yato or yatsu.	-

１３．その他
1	井桁に橘	igeta ni tachibana	The crest of the Nichiren sect: a stylized mandarine orange blossom in a well curb	-
2	裏鬼門	ura-kimon	The diagonally opposite direction of kimon also thought to be unlucky (See kimon)	-
3	桔梗紋	kikyo mon	A family crest of a stylized Chinese bellflower	-
4	鬼門	kimon	Literally, a "demon's gate": the quarter lying to the northeast of one's position where demons were supposed to come in, superstitiously believed to be unlucky	-
5	笹りんどう	sasarindo	A crest of three gentian flowers with five leaves arranged like bamboo leaves. It is popularly said to be that of the Genji clan, but not true.	-
6	十六の菊の紋	juroku no kiku no mon	The crest of the Imperial Family: 16-petal chrysanthemum	-
7	三鱗(北条)	mitsuuroko	The family crest of the Hojo: arrenged three scales	-
8	三葉葵（徳川）	mitsuba aoi	The crest of the Tokugawa clan: three leaves of a hollyhock in a circle	-